Abstract
Vanadium compounds mimic insulin actions in different cell types. The present study concerns the insulin-like effects of three vanadium(V) derivatives and one vanadium(IV) complex on osteoblast-like (UMR106 and MC3T3E1) cells in culture. The vanadium oxalate and vanadium citrate complexes hydrolyzed completely under the culture conditions, whereas more than 40% of the vanadium tartrate and nitrilotriacetate complexes remained. Vanadate, as well as vanadium oxalate, citrate, and tartrate complexes enhanced cell proliferation (as measured by the crystal violet assay), glucose consumption, and protein content in UMR106 and MC3T3E1 osteoblast-like cells. The vanadium nitrilotriacetate complex (the only peroxo complex tested) stimulated cell proliferation in UMR106 but not in MC3T3E1 cells. This derivative strongly transformed the morphology of the MC3T3E1 cells. All vanadium(V) compounds inhibited cell differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity) in UMR106 cells. Our data are consistent with the interpretation that vanadium oxalate and citrate complexes hydrolyze to vanadate. Vanadium nitrilotriacetate would appear to be toxic for normal MC3T3E1 osteoblasts. In contrast, the vanadium tartrate complex induced a proliferative effect; however, it did not alter cell differentiation.
Highlights
Vanadate mimics various insulin actions on different cell types and in cell-free systems [1]
We have recently shown a direct effect of vanadium derivatives on osteoblast-like UMR106 cells [17]
Attributing a certain biological response to a particular vanadium compound is difficult and has not been appropriately considered in studies with vanadium compounds [24]. It is not known which compounds are transported into the cells, information on the stability of each compound during cell treatment and determination of what other compounds form during the cell incubation will provide a valuable basis to interpret the mechanism of the observed effects
Summary
Vanadate mimics various insulin actions on different cell types and in cell-free systems [1]. In experiments where the MC3T3E1 cell line became confluent or cultured for a longer period (data not shown), these cells did not respond to PDGF, vanadate, or to any other vanadium compounds. In MC3T3E1 cells (Fig. 3B), vanadate, Voxal, Vcitr, and Vtar increased cell proliferation to the same extent, while V-NTA did not affect the proliferation of this cell line as tested in three independent experiments.
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