Abstract
Background The liver controls blood glucose levels via regulation of anabolic (glycogen synthesis and gluconeogenesis) and catabolic (glycolysis and glycogenolysis) processes through activation of the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of aerobic training, green coffee, and chlorogenic acid supplementation on glucose metabolism-regulating pathways in prediabetic mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice were exposed to a high-fat diet and physical activity limitation to induce a state of prediabetes. After 12 weeks, mice were fed a high-fat diet compared to the control mice. The prediabetic mice were further treated with either green coffee, chlorogenic acid, or training or combinations of the same for 10 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, metabolic data (FBG, GTT, HOMA for IR, plasma level of insulinfrom systematic, AST, and ALT assessed into blood), histopathologic, and analysis of gene and protein expressions were obtained for target tissues. Results Training along with green coffee and chlorogenic acid supplementation improved complications of prediabetes including weight gain and elevated fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin levels. These effects were associated with the changes in mRNA levels of genes important in hepatic glycogen synthesis (GYS2), glucogenesis (PCK and G6PC2), and glycolysis (GK, PK, and PFKL). Conclusion The training in conjunction with green coffee or chlorogenic acid is effective in the prevention of prediabetes in mice. As these interventions are relatively inexpensive and safe application to individuals with prediabetes appears warranted.
Highlights
Prediabetes (PD) is a metabolic disorder characterized by higher than normal and less than diabetic levels of blood glucose [1, 2]
We evaluated the simultaneous effects of aerobic trainingwith green coffee and chlorogenic acid on glycogen synthesis, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis in the liver of PD mice
After ensuring the emergence of PD, the highfat diet (HFD) group was divided into six subgroups (n = 5): prediabetic mice (PD group), prediabetic mice treated with green coffee (200 mg/kg, PD/Green coffee (GC) group), prediabetic mice treated with chlorogenic acid (100 mg/kg, PD/CGA), prediabetic mice which underwent training (PD/Training training Fasting blood glucose (FBG) (EX)), prediabetic mice treated with green coffee +training
Summary
Prediabetes (PD) is a metabolic disorder characterized by higher than normal and less than diabetic levels of blood glucose [1, 2]. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of aerobic training, green coffee, and chlorogenic acid supplementation on glucose metabolismregulating pathways in prediabetic mice. Training along with green coffee and chlorogenic acid supplementation improved complications of prediabetes including weight gain and elevated fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin levels. These effects were associated with the changes in mRNA levels of genes important in hepatic glycogen synthesis (GYS2), glucogenesis (PCK and G6PC2), and glycolysis (GK, PK, and PFKL). The training in conjunction with green coffee or chlorogenic acid is effective in the prevention of prediabetes in mice. As these interventions are relatively inexpensive and safe application to individuals with prediabetes appears warranted
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