Insulin-like growth factors and IGF-binding proteins in bovine seminal plasma

Abstract

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is an important factor for germ cell development and maturation of spermatozoa. Actions of IGFs are modulated by IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) that may, depending on their concentration and site of expression, inhibit or enhance effects of IGF-I. We characterized IGFs and IGFBPs in seminal plasma from bulls routinely used for artificial insemination (AI) and from bulls producing poor-quality semen (low mass and individual motility of spermatozoa). IGFs were measured by specific radioimmunoassay in 22 samples of seminal plasma from nine different AI bulls with high (>76.8%), average (72.8–73.4%), or low (<69.5%) nonreturn rate (NRR). IGF-I and IGF-II levels were 144 ± 9 ng/ml (mean ± SE; range, 79–238 ng/ml) and 144 ± 10 ng/ml (range, 55–221 ng/ml), respectively, and did not correlate with NRRs. IGF-I concentrations in seminal plasma from bulls producing poor-quality semen ( n = 10) were significantly (P < 0.05) greater (194 ± 26 ng/ml; range, 94–370 ng/ml), whereas IGF-II levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower (93 ± 17 ng/ml; range, 38–183 ng/ml) than in AI bulls. Ligand blot analysis of seminal plasma for IGFBPs revealed the presence of a 38-/45-kDa doublet band and a 30-kDa IGFBP. These IGFBPs were identified as IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5, respectively, by immunoprecipitation using specific antibodies. In addition, a low amount of IGFBP-4 was detected in bovine seminal plasma by immunoprecipitation. There was a marked difference in the activity of IGFBPs between individual bulls, with a relatively small within-bull variance. The differences in IGFBP activities did not correlate with the fertilization capacity of the bulls in vivo or in vitro nor with immunoreactive IGF-I and IGF-II levels in seminal plasma. Our results demonstrate the presence of IGFBPs in bovine seminal plasma. In contrast to human seminal plasma, high activity of IGFBP-3 was detected in seminal plasma of some bulls, suggesting species-specific regulation of IGFBP activity by proteases.