Insulin binding to monocytes and insulin sensitivity in anorexia nervosa

Abstract

In six female patients with anorexia nervosa, we examined specific binding of 125I-insuIin to monocytes and in vivo sensitivity to insulin before and after treatment. Insulin sensitivity was determined by the rate of glucose disappearance during an intravenous insulin tolerance test (K ITT). In the untreated state, the patients with anorexia nervosa were 26 to 41 per cent below ideal weight and amenorrheic. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels were, respectively, 20 per cent and 55 per cent below those observed in healthy controls. Insulin binding to monocytes was 70 per cent greater than that in controls. Scatchard analysis of the insulin binding data revealed an increase in binding capacity with no change in binding affinity. During the insulin tolerance test, K ITT (9.7 ± 0.7 per cent · min −1) was 50 per cent greater in untreated patients than in healthy controls. Following treatment with behavior modification, there was a gain in body weight to within 2 to 11 per cent of ideal body weight, and menstrual function returned. Plasma glucose and insulin levels rose to values similar to those in healthy controls. Insulin binding declined by 40 per cent to values comparable to those in the controls. The decrease in insulin binding was due to a reduction in binding capacity. The plasma glucose response to the insulin tolerance test (K ITT) fell 50 per cent below pretreatment values to levels comparable to those in healthy controls. Both before and after treatment, an inverse correlation was observed between plasma insulin concentration and insulin binding to monocytes whereas a direct correlation was demonstrable between insulin binding to monocytes and k ITT. The data indicate that in anorexia nervosa insulin binding to monocytes and in vivo sensitivity to insulin are increased. The increase in insulin binding may be a consequence of a decrease in plasma insulin and may, in turn, be responsible for the increase in insulin sensitivity. The increases in insulin binding and insulin sensitivity return to normal following regain of body weight.