Abstract
The article discusses the results of thermal imaging monitoring of building structures with and without insulation. Research and thermal and physical calculations showed that heat loss from the premises is determined by two groups of factors: surface loss depending on thermal conductivity, as well as vapor and air permeability of enclosing elements and heat loss at all types of joints, fasteners, etc. Thermal insulation with plate materials significantly reduces heat losses, but at the same time, heat flows through the joints between the heat-insulating plates and in the areas of their contact with other structures, necessitating the use of steam and waterproof windproof roll materials. The usage of elastic and thermoplastic materials in the insulation circuit allows minimizing heat loss at the joints between the heat-insulating elements and along the smooth surface of the wall due to the low air and vapor permeability of the material. In the systems of frame cottages, when used as a thermal insulation of rolled foam-polyethylene, it becomes possible to form a seamless insulating shell of a building. This is made possible by connecting individual sheets of polyethylene foam into a lock, followed by hot air welding. Seamless insulation systems are used both in the construction of cottages and in the construction of frame and frameless logistic facilities and housing and communal services.
Highlights
One of the trends in modern construction is the use of composite systems, which, along with prefabricated housing construction, occupy almost equal shares in the construction industry of Russia [1, 2].Modern composite building systems involve the use of effective insulation materials that form the insulating sheath of buildings
Such materials include products based on mineral wool, foam glass plates, products based on foamed plastics
Products based on stone wool mainly belong to the non-combustible group; foamed plastics are all combustible materials and, depending on the content of fire retardants, can belong to the combustibility groups G2 – G4 [4,5,6]
Summary
Modern composite building systems involve the use of effective insulation materials that form the insulating sheath of buildings. Such materials include products based on mineral (stone) wool, foam glass plates, products based on foamed plastics (expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam, polyisocyanurate foam, polyolefine foam). The moisture resistance of materials and the moisture permeability of insulating layers and supporting structures have a significant effect on the long-term eternity of structures. In addition to heat-insulating products, steam- and waterproofing materials and wind-proof membranes are used in insulation systems. All these materials are classified as combustible [7, 8]
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