Abstract
ObjectivesContrast induced nephropathy is the third cause of hospital acute renal failure. This study aims to determine the incidence of acute renal failure (ARF) induced by contrast after angiographic procedures. Material and methodsProspective study with 54 patients admitted to perform a diagnostic or therapeutic angiographic procedure. Ultravist 370® was used as contrast agent in all procedures. All patients were submitted to prophylaxis with sodium bicarbonate before and after procedure. ARF was considered if an increase in creatinine of more than 0.5mg/dl or 25% of basal value, or a decrease of more than 25% in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was observed. Cockcroft-Gault formula was used for GFR calculation. Chronic renal disease and chronic renal failure were defined as GFR <90mL/min or <60mL/min, respectively. Kruskal-Wallis non parametric test was used to study the influence of risk factors in acute renal failure. Statistically significance was considered for a p<0.05. ResultsStudy with 47 male (87%) and 7 female patients, mean age of 62.3±11.1 years. Among the recorded risk factors, hypertension was observed in 46 (85.2%) patients, chronic renal disease in 23 (43%), chronic renal failure in 10 (18.5%) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in 13 (24.1%). The mean volume contrast was 234.8mL (209.7mL on diagnostic procedures and 345.5mL on therapeutic procedures). ARF incidence was 24.1% (13 patients) using creatinine variation and 9,3% (5 patients) using GFR variation. Diabetes mellitus (p=0.049) and chronic renal failure (p=0.013) had statistical significance for ARF. Posterior reassessment in 38 patients showed irreversible renal failure in 2 cases (5.2%). ConclusionsThe incidence of nephropathy was high despite prophylaxis. Diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure predispose for ARF. Most cases of ARF appear to be reversible. Improved outcomes may be achieved by using iso-osmolar contrast agents and/or by in infusing smaller amounts.
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