Abstract
Around 8-10% inpatients can suffer acute renal failure (ARF), and is related with high mobility and mortality rates both short and medium-term. Prevention, together with early diagnosis and treatment, is the most important measure. Once acute renal failure appears, causes have to be identified and nephroyoxic ones have to be avoided. In current update, treatment will be reviewed and renal-replacement therapy (RRT) will be analyzed. We must pay special attention to volume overload, because is associated with poorest prognosis. In most patients with functional ARF (renal hypoperfusion) crystalloids are preferable to colloids, and, due to the higher risk of causing ARF requiring RRT, hydroxyethyl starches should be avoided. ARF treatment in elderly, heart failure patients and cirrhotic patients will also be addressed.
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