Abstract
IT is almost instinctive to assess the strengths of solids by scratching their surfaces and observing the response. This so-called scratch test has been used by mineralogists for many centuries and an empirical scale of “scratch-hardness” was developed by the Austrian mineralogist Mohs in 1824 (ref. 1) which is still very useful today. Mohs selected ten minerals and proposed a scale such that each mineral will scratch the one on the scale below it, but will not scratch the one above it.
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