Abstract
This paper discusses a proposed instruction model for intervention of social skills children with visual impairment. Intervention model based on Badura’s Social Cognitive Learning Theory were proposed to help students with visual impairment in the development of their social skills. The emphasis of the theory was based on imitation, environment and cognition. The three elements are interrelated in the development of social skills and individual behavior. The theory stressed the process of learning behavior through imitation. Without visual information, the imitation was learnt from the information through hearing and touch as well as physical model. The process of imitation was received with reward, reinforcement and motivation will strengthen the social skills learned and the target behavior. In addition, teachers, parents and the communities have an important role in helping and training the visually impaired children to improve their social skills. The impact of the proposed intervention model, the social skill of visual impairment children will be improved so that they can be socialized effectively with typical children.
Highlights
The imitation was learnt from the information through hearing and touch as well as physical model
The process of imitation was received with reward, reinforcement and motivation will strengthen the social skills learned and the target behavior
The inability to see is a major impediment to children with visual impairment (CVI) to get visual information about the environment
Summary
The inability to see is a major impediment to children with visual impairment (CVI) to get visual information about the environment. Studies show that CVI are more likely to be immature and egocentric social skills than typical children This is due to the lack of opportunities for socializing as well as the inability to observe and imitate the behavior of peers around them (Tuttle & Tuttle, 2004; Jessup, Bundy, Broom, & Hancock, 2017). CVI are difficult to imitate the model or appropriate example due to the inability to learn social behavior around them Their opportunity to participate in social situations is limited because various observations are very limited or did not happen (Bandura, 1977; Bandura, 1986). This will pose misconceptions against blind individuals and their characteristics as appropriate and acceptable by other people (Tuttle & Tuttle, 2004; Lieberman, Haegele, Columna, & Conroy, 2014; Salleh & Zainal, 2010)
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