Abstract
By treating the boundary conditions correctly, we compute the linewidth of a laser with arbitrary output coupling below and above threshold. In the limit of unit output-mirror transmission, for which any semblance of the cavity to a lasing cavity is completely untenable, we show that the laser linewidth reduces to the natural linewidth of spontaneous emission by atoms in free space. Dependences of the linewidth on the cavity transmission are predicted to be at variance with previously obtained results. We also find a power-independent contribution to the intrinsic linewidth well above threshold.
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