Abstract
Reformation of higher education (HE) institutions is fundamental in improving and strengthening its academic institutions of HE independence. Moving on now to consider the present academic community must undergo a process of change to improve the teaching, research, management functions, and operations of the institutions, which are incremental in a sustainable manner. In essence, there are many indicators of success that have been identified in studies conducted for other industries. The major trend currently observed is the reformation of the HE institutions in major countries mimicking the for-profit industries to make them more competitive. This paper integrates and advances pertinent factors that enable an effective and successful reformation process from the Asian HE perspective by reviewing relevant reformation literature on the matter. This systematic review has developed three (3) core themes relating to the importance of leadership, policy development and governance, and autonomy, which regards higher institutional practices from within the Asian region reviewed. And to conclude, the internal factor is dominating the indicators for HE reforms success. This finding seeks to offer future research to be extended from established institutions from other developed countries as a comparison when planning and implementing change initiatives at the institutional level.
Highlights
Reform of higher education (HE) institutions is a process of improving and strengthening its academic institutions of HE independence through the medium of academic programs
Leadership, governance and autonomy, and policy development are the most dominant indicators adopted by most Asian HE
This paper attempts to incorporate all factors identified as reform success in the HE sector
Summary
Reform of HE institutions is a process of improving and strengthening its academic institutions of HE independence through the medium of academic programs. It is understood the reforming process focuses on enhancing the skills and capabilities of the graduates for the nation’s capacity building of the human capital for economic and social expansion, performance, and routines while protecting the hereditary disciplines and bodies of knowledge Higher education reforms in many Asian countries are striving to attain the capacity to produce knowledge to improve economic and market competitiveness (Varghese & Martin, 2013). The emergence of a university as an active player in building national capacity is the main agenda in most countries' national development plans, including Malaysia (Zhu & Zayim-Kurtay, 2018)
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