Institutional Mechanisms for Ensuring a Scientific and Technological Breakthrough in the Russian Economy

Abstract

The article analyzes the mechanisms of institutional support of innovation activities aimed at solving the strategic tasks of a scientific and technical breakthrough in the Russian economy. It is shown that the development of the innovation sector in the manufacturing industry contributes to the preservation of its archaic structure, increasing dependence on technology imports. In the structure of innovative products in terms of novelty, new products for the enterprise occupy leading positions. In domestic developments, there are practically not new technologies for the world market. In the model for organizing innovation activity in Russia, there are no mechanisms for creating conditions for a scientific and technological breakthrough, mechanisms for transforming world-class scientific and technological achievements into breakthrough technologies. It is shown that Russia has the scientific potential of breakthrough technologies. The mechanisms of organizing the development of breakthrough technologies based on the cooperation of scientists from academic, university, departmental science and organizations of business structures are discussed. It is proposed to concentrate the resources of development institutions on organizational, financial support for the creation and implementation of a program of promising interdisciplinary research conducted on network principles in the framework of mega-projects. In order to effectively implement breakthrough technologies in order to accelerate the economic development of the country, it is necessary to move from sectoral development strategies and programs to a nationwide strategy and development program for the domestic manufacturing industry, providing for the intensification of interregional and intersectoral interaction based on network principles. To ensure this interaction, it is proposed to create a system of institutes for coordination, regulation, and management with broad powers. The personnel potential of these institutions is shaped by the involvement of leading scientists, specialists in the real sector of the economy and managers of business structures. To ensure the effective implementation of the strategy of a scientific and technical breakthrough, it is necessary to create institutions in the educational system that will help meet the needs of the real economy in personnel whose competencies meet the requirements of the sixth technological order.