Abstract
Thearticlehighlightstheissueoftheinstitutionalstructureofsmallandmedium-sizedbusinessesintheRepublicofKazakhstan.Inparticular,theessenceoftheinstitutionalenvironmentofentrepreneurshipisdeterminedanditsdefinitionisproposedbasedontheanalysisofscientificsources.ThestructureofthesystemofstateregulationandstimulationofentrepreneurshipintheRepublicofKazakhstanisanalyzed.EstimatesoftheentrepreneurialclimateoftheRepublicofKazakhstanasanobjectofstateinfluencefortheformationoffavorableconditionsforthedevelopmentofsmallandmediumsizedbusinessesaregiven.Authornotestheimportanceofasystematicapproachtotheformationofthestatepolicytostimulateandsupportsmallandmediumsizedbusinesses.Thearticlerevealsthefeaturesofmanagementandstimulation,aswellasdeterminesthemainprioritydirectionsandtargetparametersforthedevelopmentofsmallandmediumbusinessfortheRepublicofKazakhstan.Purpose:themainobjectiveofthisarticleistostudytheinstitutionalframeworkfortheoperationofsmallandmedium-sizedbusinessesintheRepublicofKazakhstanandtoassesstheimpactoftheinstitutionalworkingenvironmentonthedevelopmentofsmallandmediumsizedbusinesses.Toachievethispurpose,thefollowingtasksweresolved:todeterminetheessenceoftheinstitutionalenvironmentofentrepreneurship;tostudythestructureofthesystemandthemechanismofstateregulationandstimulationofentrepreneurshipintheRepublicofKazakhstan;toanalyzetheactualstateoftheinstitutionalenvironmentofentrepreneurshipintheRepublicofKazakhstan;todeterminethetargetcriteriaforthedevelopmentofSMEsintheRepublicofKazakhstan.Methods:thisarticleisbasedonthemethodsofstructuralanalysisandofthesystemapproach.Results:today,smallandmediumsizedbusinessesarethemostpromisingactorsinthedevelopmentofapostindustrialeconomy,whereadvancedtechnologiesandinnovativesolutionsareapriority.Smallandmediumsizedbusinesses,bypropertyoftheirmobilityandflexibility,arethemostsusceptibletoinnovationandcanbeprovidersofhightechnology.Inaddition,theadaptabilityofsmallandmediumsizedbusinessesisafactorofrapidandtargetedresponsetotheslightestchangesinmarketortechnologicalconditions.Atthesametime,smallandmediumbusinessesareanimportantfactorinreducingunemployment(especiallystructuralandcyclical).Butatthesametime,smallandmediumsizedbusinessesneedprotectionfromthestate,sinceasmallamountofcapital,aswellasarelativelysmallamountofproductionofeachindividualsubjectofsmallandmediumsizedbusiness,causesinsecurityintheeventofamarketexpansionoflargebusinesses.Errorsinthesystemofstateregulationofbusiness(tighteningoftaxation,inexpedientlystringentregulations,etc.)cansignificantlyslowdownorevencauseareductionintheexpansionofentrepreneurialinitiative.Thus,thesearchforwaystoorganizethemostfavorableinstitutionalandmarketenvironmentforsmallandmediumsizedbusinesses(inparticular,priorityfortheimplementationofstateeconomicpolicy)isaprioritytaskofthestateregulatorysystem.Conclusionsandrelevance:theresearchcarriedoutwithintheframeworkofthesubjectofthisarticleshowsthattheinstitutionalenvironmentfortheoperationofsmallandmediumsizedbusinessesintheRepublicofKazakhstanisquitefavorable,becausethestateimplementsapolicyofmaximumfavortothedevelopmentofentrepreneurialinitiativeinthecountry.Moreover,bymaximizingitseffortstocreateaneffectivemechanismforstimulatingandsupportingsmallandmediumsizedbusinesses,theinstitutionalenvironmentisconstantlyimproving.Thisbringsitsresults,intheformofimprovingthegeneralbusinessenvironment.Atthesametime,therearecertainaspects,suchascustomsbarriers,thedificultyinobtainingvariouskindsofpermits(oftenthisisduetocorruptoficials).Therefore,theincentivesystemforsmallandmediumsizedbusinessesshouldincludeaneffectivemechanismtoensurecompliancewithrightsandprotectentrepreneurs.
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