Abstract
The article discusses the features of the image of the horse in folklore genres of the peoples of Dagestan — in epic poetry and fairy tales. As the material shows, the horse is represented in them according to their genre principles. In genres of epic poetry — the heroic epos, the heroic-historical and historical songs — the horse serves as means of idealization of the epic hero, his fighting feats. In the Kumyk and Nogai heroic songs (“Song about Kartkozhak and Maksuman”, ‘Song about Dzhavat”, “Er-Targyl”, etc.), as well as in the Avarian, Dargin, Lak heroic-historical songs (“Brave Bekbulat”, “Kaplan, the son of Arslan”, “Batyr Huchulav”, etc.), the horse acts as the savior, the friend and the helper of the hero thanks to whom he wins a victory over the enemy. In epic poetry the horse is “black”, flies “as wind”, “as an arrow”, he speaks human language, prompts to the owner how to behave at a difficult moment. Functions of the horse in fairy tales are also caused by an esthetic problem of a genre — to emphasize extraordinary abilities of the hero by means of fiction and fantasy.
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