Abstract
En esta investigación se analizan las relaciones de género en dos comunidades rurales del municipio de Cintalapa, Chiapas, al interior de la Reserva de la Biosfera La Sepultura y la influencia de las instituciones públicas relacionadas con el manejo forestal sustentable. El manejo forestal se basa en aspectos tecno- científicos que priorizan recursos de valor en el mercado a costa de la biodiversidad y de los recursos relevantes para las mujeres; constituye una estrategia de manejo reduccionista que percibe el bosque de manera parcial. El sistema de gestión ambiental público, por un lado, faculta a las instituciones públicas ambientales para administrar y regular los recursos forestales considerados técnicamente aptas para el aprovechamiento; por otro, promueve la conservación de la biodiversidad mediante las áreas naturales protegidas, por lo que debería atender la transversalidad de la perspectiva de género en todos los programas. La obtención de datos en la investigación de campo realizada en 2014 fue mediante: ocho entrevistas semiestructuradas a actores clave, dos entrevistas grupales diferenciadas por sexo, cuatro talleres participativos diferenciados y se aplicó una encuesta a 33 mujeres y 28 hombres. Se encontró que las instituciones públicas acentúan las brechas de género a través de los programas públicos dirigidos a mujeres sin perspectiva de género, por el desconocimiento del tema; de manera que se refuerza la división tradicional del trabajo basado únicamente en la diferencia por sexo.
Highlights
In Mexico, the normative framework related to forest management is found in the Ley de Desarrollo Forestal Sustentable (LDFS) and its regulation, which regulates and defines it (Article 7, XVIII) as the set of actions and procedures for management, cultivation, protection, conservation, restoration and use of environmental resources and services of a forest ecosystem, respecting its functionality and interdependence and without diminishing the productive capacity of ecosystems and resources (DOF, 2015)
It is important to take the definitions of the LDFS and to assume them as “official”, because this Law establishes the guidelines and instruments of the forest use as the management program, which is nothing more than a technical-scientific document for the planning and monitoring of sustainable forest management
The objective of this research is to analyze gender relations in two rural communities in the municipality of Cintalapa, Chiapas within the Sepultura Biosphere Reserve (REBISE) and the influence of public institutions related to forest management
Summary
In Mexico, the normative framework related to forest management is found in the Ley de Desarrollo Forestal Sustentable (LDFS) and its regulation, which regulates and defines it (Article 7, XVIII) as the set of actions and procedures for management, cultivation, protection, conservation, restoration and use of environmental resources and services of a forest ecosystem, respecting its functionality and interdependence and without diminishing the productive capacity of ecosystems and resources (DOF, 2015). Forest management is based on forestry techniques and procedures as the main management scheme for forest resources, usually focusing on timber species of commercial interest, leaving aside forest components. This forestry is “scientific” because it relies on technical and scientific information that reflects the available resources of the forest in individual parts (Agarwal, 2004; García, 2012). In this sense, the forest management promotes the cultivation of a forest species, above the diversity of the forest. The Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas notes that not all protected natural areas have a management plan, which makes it difficult to preserve and manage the natural resources found there (CONANP, 2013)
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