Instability-Driven 3D bioprinting for engineering composite bio-inks

Abstract

Extrusion-based 3D bioprinting techniques are revolutionizing bioengineering by facilitating the creation of complex 3D microstructures. This review offers a thorough overview of extrusion-based 3D bioprinting methods, particularly highlighting the innovative electric-assisted coil-write 3D bioprinting technology. The review begins by explicating the fundamental principles underlying various extrusion-based 3D bioprinting technologies. It covers the printing equipment composition, suitable materials for 3D bioprinting, and the latest breakthroughs in technology. A critical aspect of this review is the in-depth comparison of the strengths and weaknesses associated with each 3D bioprinting approach. The electro-microfluidic extrusion method and the electric-assisted coil-write 3D bioprinting technology are highlighted. This advanced technology successfully overcomes the limitations of conventional extrusion-based methods, notably in the precise printing of intricately curved line structures with high resolution and speed. This method ingeniously integrates mechanical motion for creating microscale features with electrical coiling for sub-micron details, thus achieving remarkable printing speeds and structural complexity. This review concludes by exploring the potential applications and future advancements of this state-of-the-art technology. It underscores the ability of electric-assisted coil-write 3D bioprinting to develop pioneering materials and micro-devices for a variety of technological sectors, highlighting its transformative impact in bioengineering.