Insomnia symptom patterns and their association with depressive symptoms in Chilean adults: A latent profile analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Insomnia is a highly prevalent disorder in Chilean adults. The literature suggests the existence of specific insomnia symptom patterns (ISPs). Although depression is an important antecedent of insomnia, few studies have assessed its relationship with ISPs in Chilean adults. The aim of this study was to identify ISPs and determine their association with depressive symptomatology in Chilean adults. Method: Participants were 523 Chilean adults selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Variables were measured using self-report scales. Identification of ISPs was performed using latent profile analysis. Results: Five ISPs emerged, which were labelled as ‘No insomnia’, ‘Infrequent insomnia’, ‘Non-restorative sleep with irregular awakening’, ‘Insomnia with regular awakening’, and ‘Recurrent insomnia’. Using the ‘No insomnia’ pattern as a reference, depressive symptoms significantly increased the likelihood of having each of the other ISPs. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms may play a key role in the heterogeneity of insomnia in Chilean adults. The findings could be an important contribution to the design of tailored interventions for the treatment of insomnia in this population.