Abstract
ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify a correlation between insomnia and the occurrence of depression among Japanese hospital employees using the data obtained from a self-reported questionnaire.MethodsA self-administered questionnaire on sleeping patterns, depression, fatigue, lifestyle-related diseases, and chronic pain was given to 7690 employees aged 20-60 years, and 5,083 employees responded.ResultsAn insomnia score of >2 was observed in 840 (13%) respondents. Chronic insomnia correlated significantly with gender, occupation, overtime work, metabolic syndrome, chronic pain, fatigue, and depression. Moreover, significant negative effects on depression scores were observed in males aged 30-39 (partial regression coefficient: b=0.357, p=0.016), females aged 20-29 (b=0.494, p<0.001), male administrative staff (b=0.475, p=0.003), males with metabolic syndrome (b=0.258, p=0.023), and both genders with chronic insomnia (male; b=0.480, p<0.001: female; b=0.485, p<0.001), and fatigue (male; b=1.180, p<0.001: female; b=1.151, p<0.001).DiscussionInsomnia is a risk factor for depression and for other lifestyle-related diseases. The insomnia score may be useful in preventative care settings because it is associated with a wide spectrum of diseases and serves as a valuable marker for early detection of depression. Thus, our future studies will focus on establishing a method for early detection of depression symptoms among workers across various job profiles.
Highlights
The number of yearly suicides in Japan was over 30,000 for 14 consecutive years beginning in 1988, and is highest among middle-aged males, the most productive age group
Significant negative effects on depression scores were observed in males aged 30-39, females aged 20-29 (b=0.494, p
The insomnia score may be useful in preventative care settings because it is associated with a wide spectrum of diseases and serves as a valuable marker for early detection of depression
Summary
The number of yearly suicides in Japan was over 30,000 for 14 consecutive years beginning in 1988, and is highest among middle-aged males, the most productive age group. An estimate of the financial impact caused by workers who had to take time off or passed away because of mental illness was reported to be 4.1 billion US dollars annually by UPI world news (https://www.upi.com/Top_News/WorldNews/2017/03/24/Japan-suicides-costing-country-41-billion-annually/1421490375745/). Mental illness, including depression, is an issue that leads to substantial financial losses and a decline in the working population. The WPHCCs offer preventative measures to combat health disorders caused by overworking, to promote the mental health of workers, and to provide health management resources for working women. In the mental health field, Koyama et al reported that the change of cerebral blood flow using 99mTc-ECD SPECT was associated with the phases of depression and remission, degree of accumulated fatigue, subjective fatigue, and sleep disorders [1,2,3]. Brain function imaging showed that those who scored highly in the Insomnia Score (IS) items of the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (SIGH-D) [4] had a significant decrease in blood flow in their dorsal
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