Abstract
An important problem facing the designer of industrial phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) processes using soluble PTC catalysts concerns the removal of the catalyst from the reaction mixture, and its economic recycle, as noted in Chapter 4. This problem affects costs and may also affect product purity, byproduct disposal, and environmental concerns. Although methods are available for removal of the traditionally used soluble phase-transfer catalysts, significant process simplification is likely to be realized if insoluble PTC catalysts can be used because of their easy separation and potential for recycle. This chapter is directed toward the possibility using insoluble solid catalysts where the PTC function is (1) bound to an insoluble resin, (2) the PTC function is bound to an insoluble inorganic solid, or (3) the PTC catalyst is maintained in an insoluble third-liquid layer.
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