Abstract
Introducing electron transport materials (ETMs) into perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has opened up a new avenue to improve device efficiency. However, the most commonly used method of introducing ETMs still relies on a high-vacuum process due to their poor solubility, which prevents the application of ETMs in full solution-processable PSCs. Here, solvothermal technology is employed to treat the insoluble perylene diimide (PDI) molecule, giving the typical n-type organic semiconductor its soluble properties. The as-obtained products (PDI-CDs) as ETMs not only are suitable for the preparation of solution-processable PSCs but also have matched energy levels with adjacent components in the device. The appearance of oxygen-containing functional groups enables PDI-CDs to chelate uncoordinated Pb, suppressing interfacial recombination and improving efficiency by passivating the surface defects of perovskite crystals. The all-air processed carbon-based PSCs modified with PDI-CDs achieved a respectable power conversion efficiency of 11.90%.
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