Abstract
The laser-induced domain nucleation effect in 3 mol% hafnium-doped lithium niobate crystal is investigated. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional phase distributions during laser-induced domain nucleation are reconstructed by digital holographic interferometry. The in-situ phase mapping of continuous domain pattern formation during laser-induced domain nucleation is shown. The photovoltaic field along the − z direction is thought to be an important mechanism for the laser-induced preferential domain nucleation. The photovoltaic current density dependence on the light intensity is described. Based on the experimental results, a qualitative model of the laser-induced domain nucleation in lithium niobate crystal is presented.
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