Abstract
Abstract Surface visualization of a negative lead-acid battery electrode during charging and discharging using atomic force microscopy was performed. To accommodate the fine resolution of AFM and its inability to follow rough surfaces of the negative active mass of a real battery electrode, a smooth lead metal electrode was used. The focus was on the role of expanders on growth and dissolution of lead sulfate crystals. In one series of experiments we studied the effect of glass fibers embedded by pressure in the lead surface. The other series of experiments involved also glass fibers, but with the surface treated by lignosulfonates. It was observed that lignosulfonates suppress formation of the passivation layer on the electrode. On the other hand they cause higher polarization resistance of the electrode and reduce charge acceptance during charging.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
