Abstract
The necessity to safeguard the environment has increased the potential of enzyme usage in textile processing to ensure eco-friendly production. Laccase enzyme formulation has been used in textile processing such as biobleaching, dyeing, rove scouring, finishing, neps removal, printing, wash-off treatment, dye synthesis and effluent treatment. However, a high cost associated with biocatalyst production is still a hindrance to their use. Pleurotus ostreatus is a white-rot fungus that produces a ligninolytic enzyme complex rich in several laccase iso-enzymes. The main objective of this study is optimize influence of pH and stability of divalent metal ion- immobilzed crude laccase enzyme towards decolourization of prototype textile dyes such as Reactive red 80 (Red F3B) and Reactive blue 21(T Blue G). Wheat bran is used as a lead candidature for production of lignolytic enzyme using Pleurotus osteratus by solid state fermentation. Two divalent metal ions such as Zn2+ and Ca2+ were selected to study the influence of metal ions towards the dye decolourization. Results revealed that Ca2+ ion was better compared to Zn2+ ion towards enzyme immobilization and its influence on dye decolourization in the optimal pH 5.5. Finally, interactions between laccase and dyes were studied exclusively using Insilco structure based molecular docking methods.
Highlights
Ten thousand types of synthetic dyes are widely used in the textile, paper, printing and leather tanning industries, corresponding to 8 x105 tonnes per year [1]
The activity of the laccase enzyme excreted by Pleurotus ostreatus was investigated through Solid-state fermentation (SSF) on agro-industrial waste including wheat bran (WB), rice bran (RB) and green gram (GG)
Wheat bran substrate showed the highest enzyme activity (2.565U/ ml) after dialysis Chart 1, various types of oxidative enzymes are produced by white rot fungi in order to make use of lignocellulosic substrates for nutrition
Summary
Ten thousand types of synthetic dyes are widely used in the textile, paper, printing and leather tanning industries, corresponding to 8 x105 tonnes per year [1]. The chemical classes of synthetic dyes mostly used in industrial processes are azo, anthraquinone, sulfur, indigoid, triphenylmethyl (trityl) and phthalocyanine derivatives, other types have many applications such as triazyne[2].Besides the color effect, the majority of these compounds are toxic, carcinogenic and highly persistent in the environment. Conventional biological treatment of wastewater is not effective for degradation of dyes, and so a number of chemical and physical techniques have been used to remove them, including adsorption to inorganic or organic matrices, decolorization by photo catalysis and oxidation [3]. Laccases are copper-containing oxidases biocatalyzes the oxidation of electron-rich natural and synthetic organic substrates, in a non-specific manner and degrade them into nontoxic molecular species without forming any recalcitrant metabolites. Only laccase are been used for bioremediation process due to their ability to degrade azo, heterocyclic, reactive and polymeric dyes [5]
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