Insights on the Use of Pesticides in Two Main Food-Supplier Coastal Valleys of Lima City, Peru

Abstract

The food security of Lima—Peru’s capital city, which shelters over 30% of the total country’s population—depends on the food production of its nearest agricultural areas, the Chancay-Huaral and Chillón valleys, wherein agrochemicals are widely used. This study primarily aimed to determine the characteristics of pesticide use in these two valleys, located 83 and 30 km north of Lima City, respectively. A second aim was to assess whether proximity to Lima provides access to technical assistance regarding agricultural activities. A questionnaire-based survey assessing socioeconomic aspects, occupational exposure, and agrochemical-related knowledge was conducted on a sample of 102 participants (farmers and fieldworkers). The results revealed that the average age for starting to handle pesticides was 15 years, while life-long occupational-exposure averaged 30 years. Most pesticides used were organophosphates and carbamates. Personal protective equipment was not used and, therefore, dermal exposure and inhalation were major routes of intoxication. Despite their proximity to Lima, both valleys lack an official agronomic advisory agency, and this void has been occupied by agrochemical manufacturing companies and trading houses focused on increasing their sales. Based on the results, it is urgent to implement an official technical advisory service and a capacity-building program on pesticide use in Peru, as well as the implementation of measures for improved control, trade, and storage of pesticides. Simultaneously, a permanent epidemiological surveillance at the country level is needed to improve public health and to contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda in Peru.