Abstract
This study presents novel insights into the Pulsed-DC Powder-pack Boriding (PDCPB) process applied to AISI 1018 steel at low (700 °C) and medium (750–850 °C) temperatures for 1, 2, and 3 h of exposure. The electric field, induced with periodic polarity inversion half-cycles of 10 s under 5–10 A, promoted a constant B+ flux, ensuring a uniform boride layer thickness. The growth of the boride layers was estimated using Dybkov's Chemical Interaction Model (DCIM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). DCIM established the B activation energies in FeB and Fe2B phases, while ANOVA determined the influence of treatment parameters on the total layer thickness.The results demonstrated a reduction of B activation energies in FeB and Fe2B by up to ~23 % and ~ 15 %, respectively, compared to conventional powder-pack boriding. These reductions were attributed to electromigration and Joule heating phenomena. ANOVA results indicated that temperature was the most significant parameter (77 %) for total (FeB + Fe2B) layer thickness. At the lowest treatment temperature (700 °C), the highest average boriding media resistance (~3.06 Ω) was measured, and the maximal electric field magnitude (3098 V m−1) was determined through computational analysis.
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