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Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is among the most widely used polymers that are used as printed transparent electrodes for flexible Organic Electronic (OE) devices, such as Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs). The understanding of their optical properties and the correlation of the optical properties with their electronic properties and metallic-like behavior can lead to the optimization of their functionality as transparent electrodes in multilayer OE device architectures. In this work, we study the optical properties of different PEDOT:PSS formulations by non-destructive Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE), from the infrared to the far ultraviolet spectral regions. The optical response of PEDOT:PSS includes an intense optical absorption originated from the conductive part (PEDOT) at lower photon energies, whereas the electronic transition energies of the non-conductive PSS part have been measured at higher photon energies. Based on the different PEDOT:PSS formulations, the optical investigation revealed significant information on the relative contribution of conductive PEDOT and insulating PSS parts of the PEDOT:PSS formulation in the overall optical response, which can strongly impact the final device functionality and its optical transparency.
Highlights
The polymer-based Organic Electronic (OE) devices, such as organic photovoltaics (OPVs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), and sensors, are expected to revolutionize conventional electronics and enable new and smart functionalities to consumer products in applications to energy, buildings, packaging, medicine, etc. [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
PEDOT:PSS formulations, in the IR (900–4000 cm−1 ) and NIR-Vis-far ultraviolet (fUV) spectral regions (0.7–6.5 eV)
The optical response of all of the PEDOT:PSS formulations shows an intense absorption band together with an electronic transition centered at ~1.3 eV
Summary
The polymer-based Organic Electronic (OE) devices, such as organic photovoltaics (OPVs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), and sensors, are expected to revolutionize conventional electronics and enable new and smart functionalities to consumer products in applications to energy, buildings, packaging, medicine, etc. [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. The fabrication of OE devices on flexible substrates by sheet-to-sheet (s2s) and roll-to-roll (r2r) printing processes is one of the most rapidly expanding sectors of modern science and technology [6,7]. One of the main challenges for printing functional OE devices on flexible plastic substrates is the replacement of the currently used inorganic electrodes, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), by solution processable electrodes with tunable optical transparency and electrical properties. One of the most widely used polymers that can be used as transparent electrodes in OE devices is the Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) [12,13,14,15]. The PEDOT:PSS is a promising π-conjugated polymer that has various technological applications [6,7,13,16,17,18,19,20].
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