Abstract
AbstractMagnetic spinel ferrite nanoparticles (SFNPs) attract high scientific attention from researchers due to their broad area for biomedicine applications, comprising cancer magnetic hyperthermia and targeted drug delivery. Uniquely, its excellent performance, namely, tuning size and surface morphology, excellent magnetism, extraordinary magnetically heat induction, promising biocompatibility, and specific targeting capacity, is essential for their effective utilization in clinical diagnosis and therapeutics of diseases. This review emphasizes the anticancer properties of nanoparticles of spinel ferrites with extra focus on the most recent literature. A critical review is provided on the latest applications of SFNPs in cancer therapy. Based on the results obtained from this review, SFNPs have the indefinite ability in cancer therapy through two mechanisms: (1) hyperthermia, where SFNPs, used as a hyperthermia mediator, elevated the tumor cells heat post-exposure to an external magnetic field and radiosensitizer during cancer radiotherapy; and (2) targeted drug delivery of cytotoxic drugs in tumor treatment. SFNPs induced apoptosis and cell death of cancer cells and prevented cancer cell proliferation.
Highlights
Cancer is considered one of the most frightening diseases that globally kill millions of people [1]
The synthesis methods used to prepare spinel ferrite nanoparticles (SFNPs) are presented in detail
The frequency and amplitude of the applied external magnetic field, and NP sizes are the main factors for safe hyperthermia cancer therapy
Summary
Cancer is considered one of the most frightening diseases that globally kill millions of people [1]. SFNPs have several essential biomedical applications [9] They are used in hyperthermia in cancer therapy, radiosensitizer, drug delivery and release [10,11,12,13], enhancing MRI contrast [14,15,16], and for biomagnetic separation purposes [17]. It is revealed that the ratio of the surface area to volume of NPs was increased as the particle size decreased [19] This critical review conducts and evaluates the latest knowledge and exhaustive information about the anticancer activity, hyperthermia, and drug delivery of SFNPs. Ferrites can be categorized into three categories, viz., spinel, garnet, and hexa-ferrites, depending upon their crystal structures. Many continuous efforts are made to control the size, shape, magnetic, and morphological properties of ferrites by different types of synthesis methods
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