Abstract
C-peptide, a key biomarker for beta-cell function in diabetes, has potential in understanding and managing the disease, though its application in type 2 diabetes is limited by insufficient evidence. It provides insights into endogenous insulin secretion and faces challenges in measurement standardization. In type 1 diabetes, C-peptide levels reflect beta cell loss, while in type 2 diabetes, higher levels indicate a higher risk of progression. Preserved C-peptide levels differentiate maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) from type 1 diabetes. C-peptide is also associated with gestational diabetes risk. It shows correlations with improved outcomes in type 1 diabetes but controversial associations with macrovascular complications. Despite its promise, standardization, interpretation, and utilization issues require further research and trials for personalized treatments in diabetes.
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