Abstract
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) represents a valuable source of biologically active compounds such as carotenoids and polyphenols. High amounts of these substances are found in its fruits, bark, and leaves. However, their bioavailability is limited and must be increased in order to benefit from the properties they exert. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to increase the stability and bioavailability of sea buckthorn fruit’s bioactives. The sea buckthorn’s bioactive compounds were extracted with a solvent combination between glacial acetic acid, acetone, and water on one side and water only on the other side. Afterward, the phytochemicals from the extracts were encapsulated using the coacervation technique, followed by freeze-drying in order to obtain stable powders. The powders were characterized in terms of antioxidant activity, total carotenoids, β-carotene, lycopene, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid content, color, structure, and morphology. The phytochemical stability of the powders and their antioxidant activity was assessed during 270 days of storage at 4 °C. Moreover, the bioavailability of phytochemicals was measured during in vitro simulated digestibility. Our findings provide insights to promote carotenoids and polyphenols from sea buckthorn as bioactive ingredients with multiple purposes.
Highlights
IntroductionLeaves, seeds, and oils are sources of many biologically active substances, such as flavonoids, carotenoids, organic acids, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, proteins, amino acids, and minerals [3,4]
Sea buckthorn (Figure 1) represents an ancient versatile plant that has been used for centuries in the daily life of people for a variety of purposes, according to Olas [1].Its fruits, leaves, seeds, and oils are sources of many biologically active substances, such as flavonoids, carotenoids, organic acids, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, proteins, amino acids, and minerals [3,4]
The bioactive compounds from the freeze-dried sea buckthorn were extracted with different mixtures of solvents using the ultrasound-assisted extraction method (UAE) method
Summary
Leaves, seeds, and oils are sources of many biologically active substances, such as flavonoids, carotenoids, organic acids, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, proteins, amino acids, and minerals [3,4]. The average composition of sea buckthorn biologically active compounds is presented, according to Ciesarova et al [4]. Vitamin C (g/kg fw) Total Flavonoids (g/kg fw). Pulp Oil. 303–21,400 nd 5.5 0.4–10.0 4.4–15.0 10.0–26.2 Leaves. 332–1381 2.8–4.1 270.0 19.7–79.1 8.4–13.4 35.0–42.0 nd 29.0–48.0 - These substances and their free radicals scavenging activity endow sea buckthorn with health benefits. There are various studies suggesting that the consumption of sea buckthorn bioactives can promote health effects, such as neuroprotective effects, inhibition of cardiac cell destruction, anticoagulant effects, protection of the liver from oxidative stress, antiulcer, anticancer, antimicrobial effects, etc. There are various studies suggesting that the consumption of sea buckthorn bioactives can promote health effects, such as neuroprotective effects, inhibition of cardiac cell destruction, anticoagulant effects, protection of the liver from oxidative stress, antiulcer, anticancer, antimicrobial effects, etc. [1,4,5]
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