Abstract
The Shc family of adaptor proteins is a group of proteins that lacks intrinsic enzymatic activity. Instead, Shc proteins possess various domains that allow them to recruit different signalling molecules. Shc proteins help to transduce an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal, which is then translated into a biological response. The Shc family of adaptor proteins share the same structural topography, CH2-PTB-CH1-SH2, which is more than an isoform of Shc family proteins; this structure, which includes multiple domains, allows for the posttranslational modification of Shc proteins and increases the functional diversity of Shc proteins. The deregulation of Shc proteins has been linked to different disease conditions, including cancer and Alzheimer’s, which indicates their key roles in cellular functions. Accordingly, a question might arise as to whether Shc proteins could be targeted therapeutically to correct their disturbance. To answer this question, thorough knowledge must be acquired; herein, we aim to shed light on the Shc family of adaptor proteins to understand their intracellular role in normal and disease states, which later might be applied to connote mechanisms to reverse the disease state.
Highlights
Signal transduction is essential for translating extracellular events into appropriate biological responses
Src homology and Collagen (Shc) protein domains Shc adaptor proteins lack intrinsic enzymatic activities, they are equipped with different domains (CH2, phosphotyrosine binding (PTB), collagen homology 1 (CH1) and Src homology 2 (SH2)) that are defined by distinctive amino acids motifs and sequences that help the Shc proteins to convey, organize and amplify the signals received
Shc proteins are commonly involved in transmitting signals from upstream receptors to downstream effectors. p66ShcA has shown an interesting role in mediating the stress response. p66ShcA-/- knockout mice displayed a 30% increase in life span and less susceptibility to oxidative stress compared to their wild type counterparts [16], which highlighted a new role for Shc in the stress response and ageing
Summary
The Shc family of adaptor proteins is a group of proteins that lacks intrinsic enzymatic activity. Shc proteins possess various domains that allow them to recruit different signalling molecules. The deregulation of Shc proteins has been linked to different disease conditions, including cancer and Alzheimer’s, which indicates their key roles in cellular functions. A question might arise as to whether Shc proteins could be targeted therapeutically to correct their disturbance. To answer this question, thorough knowledge must be acquired; we aim to shed light on the Shc family of adaptor proteins to understand their intracellular role in normal and disease states, which later might be applied to connote mechanisms to reverse the disease state
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