Insights into the novel magnetoelectric coupling mechanism in soft materials due to Maxwell interactions

Abstract

This study models the novel ME coupling mechanism in soft materials that are inherently non-magnetoelectric (NME). First, the central physical concept for developing ME coupling in soft NME materials is explained. Following this, the stretch of soft materials under magnetic and stress stimuli is solved by using the obtained Euler–Lagrange equations. Finally, the ME coefficients for various operating modes are analytically derived. The numerical results obtained for the ME coefficients of a ME electret system are in good agreement with the experimental data. The nonlinear interplay between the stress, magnetic field, and ME response is investigated. In addition, the key factors for maximizing the ME coupling are discussed. Based on the proposed model, we present physical insights to support the prospects of achieving magnetic energy harvesting and revealing the physical mechanisms of animals' magnetoreception. This work may provide a simple basis to further create soft ME-like materials with good flexibility and strong ME coupling.