Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived secretome demonstrated therapeutic effects like those reported after MSCs transplantation. MSC-derived secretome may avoid various side effects of MSC-based therapy, comprising undesirable differentiation of engrafted MSCs and potential activation of the allogeneic immune response. MSC-derived secretome comprises soluble factors and encapsulated extravesicles (EVs). MSC-derived EVs comprise microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and exosomes. In this review, we focus on the recent insights into the effects of MSC-derived secretome in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In particular, MSC-derived secretome and exosomal components counteracted neuroinflammation and enhanced antioxidant capacity and neurotrophic factors expression. In light of the insights reported in this review, MSC-derived secretome or their released exosomes may be used as a potential therapeutic approach or as adjuvant therapy to counteract the disease progression and improve PD symptoms. Also, MSC-derived secretome may be used as a vehicle in cell transplantation approaches to enhance the viability and survival of engrafted cells. Furthermore, since exosomes can cross the blood–brain barrier, they may be used as biomarkers of neural dysfunction. Further studies are necessary to fully characterize the bioactive molecules present in the secretome and to create a new, effective, cell-free therapeutic approach towards a robust clinical outcome for PD patients.
Highlights
Several disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, are in the focus of stem cell-based research
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived secretome and its exosomal components have been suggested as promising therapeutic tools for numerous neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), due to their ability to promote dopaminergic neurons survival, stimulate neurogenesis, decrease neuroinflammation, promote functional recovery in in vivo models
There is no cure for PD, and recently, attention has been focused on cell-free approaches
Summary
Several disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, are in the focus of stem cell-based research. MSC-derived secretome offers a useful source of bioactive factors since its content may be assessed through the analogous method of conventional pharmaceutical agents [22]. In light of these biological and manufactural advantages compared to MSC-based treatment, the administration of MSC-derived secretome has been deemed as a novel, cell-free beneficial approach for treating numerous disorders, including Parkinson’s disease [4].
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