Abstract
The biofilms comprise a population of bacteria with a varying variety of polysaccharides, proteins and DNA. Bacterial multi-phase defence consists of low antibiotic absorption, sluggish replication in the biofilm, and adaptive stress response. This antibiotic resistance produced by biofilm makes it challenging to deal with bacteria with effective antibiotic dosages in planktonic forms. A crucial component in the virulent colonisation of live tissues or medical equipment is having favourable situation for bacteria to create biofilms. The high level of recalcitrance in biofilm populations is due to several molecular pathways. As the stock of effective antibiotics is depleting, bacterial resistance is becoming an increasing risk to public health. As a result, new antibiotics are urgently needed. This review includes current empirical findings related to antibiotic resistance in biofilms and summarises the biofilm resistance and tolerance mechanisms.
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