Abstract
A seeded vacuum membrane distillation crystallization (VMDC) process for treating magnesium sulfate solution was proposed. The permeate flux was investigated with respect to feed inlet temperature, vacuum pressure and feed velocity in order to determine operating conditions of VMDC. For the VMDC, the inlet and outlet temperatures of membrane distillation were maintained at 84 °C and 68 °C respectively, and the vacuum was 0.04–0.07 MPa. The nucleation and growth kinetics with the presence of seed in VMDC were investigated by comparison with the evaporation crystallization. Crystal nucleation and growth rates in evaporation crystallization and VMDC were both calculated using the population balance equation. It was found that the crystal growth rate in VMDC was slightly less than that in evaporation crystallization. Compared with evaporation crystallization, the secondary nucleation rate in VMDC was reduced due to the decrease of collision frequency between crystals.
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