Insights into Earthworm Biology for Vermicomposting

Abstract

AbstractVermicomposting refers to the use of earthworms to change organic materials into a humus-like substance called vermicompost. The growth of earthworms with the intention of increasing their numbers is referred to as vermiculture. Vermifiltration is the use of earthworms to treat wastewater. All species of earthworms can be cultured. Common earthworm species include the tiger worm (Eisenia fetida), red tiger worm (E. Andrei), Indian blue worm (Perionyx excavatus), African night crawler (Eudrilus eugeinae), and red earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus). The conventional names of these earthworms differ from place to place and sometimes among individuals. The success of vermicomposting depends mostly on the soil type and moisture content. Certain soils favor specific species of earthworms. Earthworms are also sensitive to extreme pH and temperature, food type, and stocking density. Extreme conditions can result in earthworm death. Different earthworm culture media compositions can be used to determine the most suitable media and conditions for vermicomposting. Biomass, that is, earthworm population density in the soil, maturity, and health of earthworms are significant to vermicomposting. The best conditions for culturing earthworms are the ones under which the earthworms have the highest cocoon production and net reproductive rate. These conditions affect the choice of earthworm species for vermicomposting, vermiculture, and vermifiltration studies. This chapter provides insights into the biology of earthworms in a quest to understand how earthworms work in vermicomposting.KeywordsEarthwormsNet reproductive rateSpecific growth rateVermicompost