Insights into charge transfer and solar light photocatalytic activity induced by the synergistic effect of defect state and plasmon in Au nanoparticle-decorated hierarchical 3D porous ZnO microspheres

Abstract

This study provides insights into the charge transfer and solar light photocatalytic activity induced by the synergistic effect between defect state and plasmon in Au nanoparticle-decorated hierarchical 3D porous ZnO microspheres. Photoluminescence emission shows that the photogenerated electrons of ZnO are efficiently transferred from its defect level to the conduction band (CB) induced through the coupling action of the defect state and plasmon. Compared with the pure ZnO microsphere photocatalysts, the fabricated Au/ZnO microsphere photocatalysts show remarkably enhanced activity for the decomposition of methylene blue dyes under solar-light illumination. Moreover, the photocatalytic performance of the Au/ZnO microspheres was manipulated by tuning the size of the Au nanoparticles (NPs). When decorated with 10 nm Au NPs, the Au/ZnO microsphere photocatalyst achieves a rate constant of 0.09846 min−1, 26 and 8.5 times higher than those of the pure ZnO microsphere photocatalysts (0.00378 min−1) and the Au/ZnO microsphere photocatalysts decorated with 30 nm Au NPs (0.01154 min−1), respectively.. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of the Au/ZnO microsphere photocatalysts is ascribed to the defect state-plasmon coupling-induced efficient transfer of photogenerated electrons from the defect level to the CB of ZnO. This work enhances the understanding of the defect state-plasmon coupling-induced enhanced photocatalytic activity in metal/semiconductor heterostructure photocatalysts.