Insights into a novel CuS/percarbonate/tetraacetylethylenediamine process for sulfamethazine degradation in alkaline medium

Abstract

This work presents a novel CuS/percarbonate/tetraacetylethylenediamine (CuS/SPC/TAED) process for the degradation of sulfamethazine (SMT). Results indicated that the CuS/SPC/TAED process enabled the efficient generation of peracetic acid (PAA), which can be efficiently activated by CuS in alkaline reaction media, and 93.6% of SMT was degraded in 30 min. Mechanism study revealed that the available reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydroxyl radical (•OH), carbonate radical (CO3•−), superoxide radical (O2•−), singlet oxygen (1O2), and organic radicals (R−O•). Among them, R−O• (acetyloxyl radical (CH3CO2•) and acetylperoxyl radical (CH3CO3•)) were confirmed to be the primary species that contributed to SMT degradation. Simultaneously, the role of sulfur species and carbonate ions were explored. It was found that the reductive O2•− and sulfur species rendered the efficient redox of Cu species. Besides, the effects of key influencing factors including SPC/TAED mole ratio, CuS dosage, initial pH, temperature, and nontarget matrix constituents on SMT degradation were examined. Finally, the degradation intermediates of SMT was identified, and the toxicity of these products was estimated by quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. Overall, this work offers a new and simple strategy for antibiotic-polluted water remediation.