Abstract
Fish melanoma models are increasingly used in studies of both spontaneous and induced melanoma formation. The melanoma Xiphophorus model was the first genetic model of melanoma available to researchers since the 1920s (Klin Wochenschrift 7:1561–1562, 1928; Z Indukt Abstammungs 44:253–257, 1927). Recently, transgenesis has been used to develop zebrafish and medaka models for melanoma research (Methods Mol Biol 461:521–539, 2008). These models are now starting to produce a wealth of novel information on the genetics of melanoma (including somatic mutations), signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms, immune responses, and determinants of metastasis. Moreover, the models are extremely well suited for drug/small-molecule screens aimed at discovering new therapeutic strategies in general treatment and personalized medicine and for the study of cancer-immune cell interactions. This review provides a summary of current and prospective studies in fish models of melanoma and pinpoints the translational potentials of melanoma models in fish.
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