Insights from a pilot investigating the impacts of shared E-scooter use on physical activity using a single-case design methodology

Abstract

IntroductionShared e-scooters have recently emerged as a convenient, flexible transportation option for short trips in dozens of cities and on university campuses. While there is survey evidence that e-scooting replaces walking and bicycling trips, potentially impacting physical activity (PA) levels, little is known about how e-scooter use objectively affects PA and how e-scooter use affects individual travel options in ways that could influence planning for active transportation. MethodsThis paper provides insights into the PA impacts of shared e-scooter use within a small sample of frequent e-scooter riders in the Phoenix, AZ, area. The single-case, longitudinal study monitored the daily biometric data of eight participants over a five-week period during which e-scooter use was alternately allowed, prohibited, and allowed again in an “ABA” design. The study also employed surveys and daily travel logs to gather information on travel behavior and perceptions of benefits and disbenefits related to e-scooter use. ResultsBiometric data indicate that bicycling and walking trips are substantially more active than e-scooting or driving trips. Self-reported trip data suggest that when e-scooters were allowed (Phases 1 and 3), e-scooter trips disproportionately replaced walking, bicycling, and/or e-biking trips, compared to auto trips. However, when participants were prohibited from using e-scooters (Phase 2), 89% of trips were reported by automobile, complicating the story of trip substitution and suggesting larger contextual influences. Finally, participants saw e-scooters as an important transportation option. ConclusionsE-scooter use appears to reduce physically active travel, although it is somewhat healthier than driving and its relationship with PA seems to be moderated by transportation habits, options, and context. E-scooter users clearly value e-scooters for their convenience, affordability, speed, and fun. Cities could consider restricting e-scooters in highly walkable areas, but should recognize e-scooters as an important part of the urban transportation system.