Abstract
Background: Pyroptosis is defined as programmed necrosis executed by gasdermin D or E (GSDMD or GSDME), which punches cellular membrane. Morphologically, pyroptosis is characterized by cell swelling and cell membrane rupture, leading to the release of cellular contents that triggers intense inflammatory response. More and more studies have found that pyroptosis may be involved in the pathogenesis of viral infection, which may be a determinant for inflammation observed in most viral diseases. Objective: This paper aims to summarize the roles of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of viral infectious diseases and to provide potential drug targets for the treatment of viral diseases, which will contribute to medical research and public health. Measures: This paper mainly summarizes pyroptosis occurring in diseases caused by different viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis virus, enterovirus, influenza virus and dengue fever virus. Meanwhile, the reported mechanism underlying pyroptosis mediating pathogenesis of these viral diseases will also be described. Conclusion: Current studies have shown that pyroptosis is a double-edged sword in viral infectious diseases. On one hand, pyroptosis leads to pathogenic inflammation of many viral infectious diseases which aggravate tissue damage initiated by viral infection, and blocking proptosis usually relieves the inflammation, which exerts therapeutic effects on viral diseases. On the other hand, moderating pyroptosis can contribute to defense against pathogen infection by releasing immune epitopes and inducing antiviral immune response.
Highlights
Pyroptosis is defined as programmed necrosis executed by gasdermin D or E (GSDMD or GSDME), which punches cellular membrane
This paper aims to summarize the roles of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of viral infectious diseases and to provide potential drug targets for the treatment of viral diseases, which will contribute to medical research and public health
Measures: This paper mainly summarizes pyroptosis occurring in diseases caused by different viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis virus, enterovirus, influenza virus and dengue fever virus
Summary
Cell death modes such as necrosis, autophagy and apoptosis have been gradually discovered. A new type of cell death, pyroptosis, has been described. Pyroptosis results in lytic cell death accompanied by the release of inflammatory factors, inducing cascade and amplification of inflammatory response. Pyroptosis is an important immune defense mechanism in the body, which plays an important role in resisting invasion of external pathogens and sensing internal pathogenic signals within cells. Inflammation is a defensive response against viral infection in the body, but exaggerated inflammation will lead to tissue damage and exacerbated the disease. As a process of inflammatory cell death, pyroptosis has been reported to be closely related to inflammatory modulation in various viral infections. Better understanding of pyroptosis will provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of viral infectious diseases. We summarize some studies about the relationship between pyroptosis and viral infectious diseases that have been discovered at present, focusing on a small but in-depth scope, which can provide a practical reference value for researchers studying viral infectious diseases and pyroptosis
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