Abstract
A collection of herbs from the natural environment remains not only a source of raw material but also provides evidence of chemical differentiation of the local populations. This work aimed at performing a phytosociological analysis of seven different stands of meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.) occurrence. A determination of total phenolic compounds and salicylates and the antioxidant activity of dried meadowsweet inflorescences (Flos ulmariae) was also performed. Active chemical compounds in F. ulmaria inflorescences were related to chemotype and diversified between investigated populations. Geographical distance and variation in phytosociological locations affected chemical composition in different ways, shaping the content of biochemical compounds crucial for herbal material quality. The obtained results can be a valuable indicator for Nexo and Baligród populations, which are good genetic material for research, breeding, and cultivation due to their biochemical composition, especially with respect to salicylates, as major compounds of determining market quality of Flos ulmariae.
Highlights
The floristic composition of the researched locations (Table 1) allowed us to classify them to the compound Filipendulion ulmariae, which partly refers to natural shrub communities composed of high dicotyledon perennials occurring along watercourses on mainly organic fertile and medium fertile habitats
Due to the occurrence of the Livaria (Lythrum salicaria) genus in Baligród and Iskrzynia, these locations can be included in the Lythro-Filipendulateum ulmariae group
It is necessary to investigate factors that may affect the quality quality of the raw material collected from natural habitats, including the content of active of the raw material collected from natural habitats, including the content of active subsubstances
Summary
Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim., Syn. Spiraea ulmaria L., Rosaceae) is a herbaceous perennial, flowering from May to August, associated with moist or wet habitats such as marshes, peat bogs, ditches, banks, wet deciduous forests, wet meadows, and mountain herbal communities as well as northern grassy layers, which are often dry. Spiraea ulmaria L., Rosaceae) is a herbaceous perennial, flowering from May to August, associated with moist or wet habitats such as marshes, peat bogs, ditches, banks, wet deciduous forests, wet meadows, and mountain herbal communities as well as northern grassy layers, which are often dry This species occurs on neutral or limestone soils. Meadowsweet is native to Asia (Mongolia, Siberia, China) and northern, central, and eastern Europe, except for the Arctic and the Mediterranean, while the cultivation area covers Europe and North America [1–4]. The fruit is dry, 0.3–0.4 mm in length [5]
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