Abstract
Osmotic suction arises from differences in salt concentration in soil pore water and external reservoir. Dissipation of osmotic suction typically occurs from diffusion of salt solutions from higher concentration solution to lower concentration solution as clays normally function as imperfect semi-permeable membrane. Changes in ion concentration in pore water can enhance or reduce the swelling magnitude of expansive clays from appropriate variations in diffuse ion layer thickness. Osmotic flow of salt solutions into pore water enable osmotic swelling of expansive clays only if the cation concentration in bulk solution (facilitated by osmotic flow) is smaller than cation concentration in the mid-plane region. The osmotic flow of salt solution from external reservoir to pore water of the clay induces an additional equivalent net stress component (pπ) that solely contributes to true effective stress of non-swelling kaolinites.
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