Abstract
The gel electrolyte is a vital aspect in the construction and functioning of gel valve-regulated lead-acid batteries. In the present work, with the help of electrochemical behaviour and performance of the battery, the impact of nano additive titania (TiO2) on poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) polymer gel electrolyte was investigated. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were employed to find out the optimized amount of TiO2 by considering parameters like peak currents and resistances. The performance of the prototype battery was analysed using the galvanostatic charge-discharge technique (GCD). Of the gel formulations studied, PVA-TEOS with 1 wt% TiO2 showed better electrochemical performance. The fabricated prototype battery showed the highest discharge capacity 4.459 mAh at 5 mA cm−2 current density. After 1000 cycles, only 5.26 % loss in capacity was observed. Hence, TiO2 nano additives can be utilized for developing polymer-based gel-formulated electrolytes for valve-regulated lead storage batteries.
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