Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase that has been associated with neurodegeneration and cancer. SIRT2 is composed of a central catalytic domain, the structure of which has been solved, and N- and C-terminal extensions that are thought to control SIRT2 function. However structural information of these N- and C-terminal regions is missing. Here, we provide the first full-length molecular models of SIRT2 in the absence and presence of NAD+. We also predict the structural alterations associated with phosphorylation of SIRT2 at S331, a modification that inhibits catalytic activity. Bioinformatics tools and molecular dynamics simulations, complemented by in vitro deacetylation assays, provide a consistent picture based on which the C-terminal region of SIRT2 is suggested to function as an autoinhibitory region. This has the capacity to partially occlude the NAD+ binding pocket or stabilize the NAD+ in a non-productive state. Furthermore, our simulations suggest that the phosphorylation at S331 causes large conformational changes in the C-terminal region that enhance the autoinhibitory activity, consistent with our previous findings that phosphorylation of S331 by cyclin-dependent kinases inhibits SIRT2 catalytic activity. The molecular insight into the role of the C-terminal region in controlling SIRT2 function described in this study may be useful for future design of selective inhibitors targeting SIRT2 for therapeutic applications.
Highlights
The human NAD+-dependent enzyme Sir2-like protein 2 (SIRT2 hereafter, Fig 1) has been associated with several age-related diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
Based on the models and the functional analysis of the CT and of the phosphorylation at S331, we suggest that the C-terminal region of Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) functions as an autoinhibitory region that regulates the deacetylation activity of SIRT2
The inhibitory role of the CT region is consistent with the increased catalytic activity of a SIRT2 mutant that lacks this region
Summary
The human NAD+-dependent enzyme Sir2-like protein 2 (SIRT2 hereafter, Fig 1) has been associated with several age-related diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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