Abstract
Exercise preconditioning has attracted extensive attention to induce endogenous neuroprotection and has become the hotspot in neurotherapy. The training exercise is given multiple times before cerebral ischemia, effectively inducing ischemic tolerance and alleviating secondary brain damage post-stroke. Compared with other preconditioning methods, the main advantages of exercise include easy clinical operation and being readily accepted by patients. However, the specific mechanism behind exercise preconditioning to ameliorate brain injury is complex. It involves multi-pathway and multi-target regulation, including regulation of inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis inhibition, and neurogenesis promotion. The current review summarizes the recent studies on the mechanism of neuroprotection induced by exercise, providing the theoretical basis of applying exercise therapy to prevent and treat ischemic stroke. In addition, we highlight the various limitations and future challenges of translational medicine from fundamental study to clinical application.
Highlights
Stroke is primarily divided into hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke
Other studies found that preischemic treadmill exercise reduced hippocampal microvascular injury after stroke, prevented zonula occludens-1 reduction in the hippocampus, and inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activation after stroke (Lee et al, 2019)
Another team revealed the changes of MMP-9 in stroke mice, and they observed that exercise preconditioning induced a better outcome than the control ischemic mice, manifested by reduced MMP-9, diminished infarct volume, and significantly improved neurological deficits (Naderi et al, 2018)
Summary
Reviewed by: Lingfei Li, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China Jianming Zhu, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China. Exercise preconditioning has attracted extensive attention to induce endogenous neuroprotection and has become the hotspot in neurotherapy. The training exercise is given multiple times before cerebral ischemia, effectively inducing ischemic tolerance and alleviating secondary brain damage post-stroke. Compared with other preconditioning methods, the main advantages of exercise include easy clinical operation and being readily accepted by patients. The specific mechanism behind exercise preconditioning to ameliorate brain injury is complex. It involves multi-pathway and multi-target regulation, including regulation of inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis inhibition, and neurogenesis promotion. The current review summarizes the recent studies on the mechanism of neuroprotection induced by exercise, providing the theoretical basis of applying exercise therapy to prevent and treat ischemic stroke.
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