Abstract
Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) field measurements on deployed buried fibres showed that the PMD variation over the 1520 to 1570 nm wavelength was stochastic. The PMD variation over the 98-hour period for each wavelength was directional and limited; they are due to the presence of random mode coupling along the fibre length and limited influence from extrinsic perturbations over time, respectively. PMD variation in the wavelength domain showed that the mean first-order PMD (FO-PMD) value is independent of whether the FO-PMD statistics of a fibre link approaches the Maxwellian theoretical distribution; the key factor is sufficient random mode coupling. The accompanying second-order PMD (SO-PMD) statistics, with FO-PMD statistics approaching Maxwellian, followed the PDF given by Foschini et al. (1999). The FO- and SO-PMD statistics at a given wavelength gave nonstochastic PMD distributions with time.
Highlights
The polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in deployed fibres is known to evolve in a stochastic pattern due to unpredictable extrinsic perturbations with time and nonuniform intrinsic perturbations experienced along the fibre length
First-order PMD and second-order PMD measurements presented were obtained from ITU-T G.652 28.4 km buried fibres and 14.2 km aerial fibres
Buried fibre PMD measurements carried out using the JME method were conducted over the 1520 to 1570 nm wavelength range at an optimal resolution of 0.3 nm to avoid noisy spectra
Summary
The polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in deployed fibres is known to evolve in a stochastic pattern due to unpredictable extrinsic perturbations (i.e., environmental changes, vibrations, and human interactions) with time and nonuniform intrinsic perturbations (i.e., core asymmetry and internal stress) experienced along the fibre length. The unpredictable variation of extrinsic and intrinsic perturbations with time and fibre length makes PMD statistics stochastic about some average value, either with wavelength or with time. This means that the PMD of optical systems with time and wavelength is unpredictable; one must resort to statistical analysis. All statistical properties hold under the conditions L ≫ LC, and L tends to infinity, where L is the fiber length and LC is the polarization correlation length While the former condition is usually well verified in all practical conditions, the latter is more critical since the link length is always finite and limited; asymptotic tails are impossible to measure in real conditions
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