Abstract
It is well known that the rRNA structure information is important to assist phylogenetic analysis through identifying homologous positions to improve alignment accuracy. In addition, the secondary structure of some conserved motifs is highly stable among distantly related taxa, which can provide potentially informative characters for estimating phylogeny. In this paper, we applied the high-throughput pooled sequencing approach to the determination of neuropteran mitogenomes. Four complete mitogenome sequences were obtained: Micromus angulatus (Hemerobiidae), Chrysoperla nipponensis (Chrysopidae), Rapisma sp. (Ithonidae), and Thaumatosmylus sp. (Osmylidae). This allowed us to sample more complete mitochondrial RNA gene sequences. Secondary structure diagrams for the complete mitochondrial small and large ribosomal subunit RNA genes of eleven neuropterid species were predicted. Comparative analysis of the secondary structures indicated a closer relationship of Megaloptera and Neuroptera. This result was congruent with the resulting phylogeny inferred from sequence alignments of all 37 mitochondrial genes, namely the hypothesis of (Raphidioptera + (Megaloptera + Neuroptera)).
Highlights
Neuropterida is a name sometimes applied to an insect superorder within Holometabola
Mitogenome sequences have proved to be useful for studying Neuropterida phylogeny [6,18,25,28,30,87]
There is no report on the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology applied to the Phylogeny of Neuropterida inferred from secondary structures of mitochondrial rRNA genes and mitogenomic data determination of neuropterid mitogenome
Summary
Neuropterida is a name sometimes applied to an insect superorder within Holometabola. This superorder comprises three orders: Raphidioptera (snakeflies), Megaloptera (dobsonflies) and Neuroptera (lacewings). Some insect species of Neuropterida are economically important, owing to their significant role played by adults and/or larvae in the bio-control of insect pest species on agricultural crops [1,2]. Some species of Neuropterida exhibit an exceptionally wide range of morphological and biological diversity. 200 described species have been placed in two families of Raphidioptera, about 300 species in two families of Megaloptera, and about 5,800 species in 15 or 16 families of Neuroptera [3]. It is estimated that there are 10,000 extant neuropteridan insect species in the world [4,5,6]
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