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Abstract
The Maikop culture of the 4th millennium BC has long been recognized as one of the most intriguing phenomena in the archaeology and history of Eurasia. A pottery assemblage of Ust-Dzheguta, located on the northern slope of the Greater Caucasus, should provide an insight into Maikop society and its technological and social choices. The article provides information on geographical location and geological settings of the Maikop site. Based on optical mineralogy analysis, potential raw materials and geological maps, fabrics and their possible geological sources were defi ned. The pottery assemblage exhibits technical and technological heterogeneity, including the use of a variety of raw materials and techniques. Correlation between types of vessels and fabrics is traced. Three Maikop pottery industries have been identifi ed. Most of massive and sophisticated basins and pithoi were produced by highly skilled and specialized potters. The majority of vessels were manufactured by part-time potters. Cooking vessels were made as part of household production. The conclusion is provided about the established specialization in the pottery manufacture and preservation of household production.
Highlights
The Maikop culture of the 4th millennium BC has long been recognized as one of the most intriguing phenomena in the archaeology and history of Eurasia
The majority of vessels were manufactured by part-time potters
Cooking vessels were made as part of household production
Summary
Поселение Усть-Джегута расположено севернее одноименного города, в 12 км к югу от г. М.) между субмеридиональными отрогами Главного Кавказского хребта (Большого Кавказа) на его северном склоне На северном склоне Большого Кавказа проявлены более поздние фазы альпийской складчатости – в них, помимо юрских и меловых, участвуют отложения палеогена и неогена. Памятник Усть-Джегута находится в полосе стабильного развития (мощность до 400 м) морских глин майкопской серии олигоцен-нижнемиоценового возраста, протянувшейся вдоль всего Северного Кавказа и имеющей продолжение на Крымском п-ове и в Западном Причерноморье. Примечателен набор пород в отложениях майкопской серии: в пределах Карачаево-Черкесии в бассейне Кубани и ее притоков они представляют собой чередование слоев (мощность по 100–150 м) известковистых глин и мергелей и неизвестковистых глин, часто с включениями доломитовых и известняковых конкреций и локально развитыми прослоями песчаников [Белуженко, Филиппова, Письменная, 2014]
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