Abstract
The induced electric field caused by a steady flux flow in a superconducting aluminum film with the thickness much smaller than the coherence length was observed by applying magnetic fields with spatial gradients. The observed results were analysed in terms of the “critical-state” model. It is expected that, when the distribution of the external magnetic field is appropriate, the fluxoids are nucleated inside the film, i.e., at the both edges of a new region with the width of the order of the effective penetration depth and flow to both the outside directions. This new region is the countertype of the annihilation region which sometimes appears in a usual flux flow. The existence of a kind of threshold was observed for this type of flow and its value was increased as the temperature was reduced, whereas such a threshold has not yet been observed in a usual flow.
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