Insertion of Bicaval Dual-Lumen Cannula via the Left Internal Jugular Vein for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Abstract

Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can support gas exchange in patients with primary respiratory failure. Venovenous ECMO can be initiated through a single-site, dual-lumen cannula designed for insertion in the right internal jugular vein. We describe four cases of hypercapnic or hypoxemic respiratory failure, in which we performed single-site cannulation of the left internal jugular vein with 23 Fr or 27 Fr bicaval dual-lumen catheters when the right internal jugular vein was inaccessible because of either stenosis or thrombosis. The surgical approach for left-sided access is similar to the approach used for the right internal jugular vein. The left-sided approach resulted in equivalent blood flow and gas exchange compared with our previous experience with right-sided cannulation. This case series demonstrates the feasibility of placing a bicaval dual-lumen catheter in the left internal jugular vein for the initiation of venovenous ECMO when the right internal jugular vein is inaccessible.